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Washington trained, armed extremist groups to topple Syrian govt
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What Is the Responsibility To Protect (R2P)?
By UNA
The Responsibility to Protect is a concept whose time has come. For too many millions of victims, it should have come much earlier. - Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General, United Nations
Around the globe, thousands of people continue to live without the most fundamental of human rights – safety and security. The lessons of Syria, Somalia, Sudan, Rwanda and Bosnia demonstrate that the international community lacks defined international legal measures and. often, the political will to prevent mass atrocity crimes from taking place, or to stop them if preventive actions fail.
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is an emerging international security and human rights norm which seeks to enhance the state's ability to protect civilians from four mass atrocity crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and war crimes. The central tenet of R2P is that sovereignty, the defining feature of a state, entails responsibilities as well as physical and political jurisdiction. The state may have the right to manage affairs within its borders, but it also has the fundamental responsibility of shielding populations within those borders from these four crimes.
At the 2005 United Nations World Summit, world leaders came together in historic agreement to unanimously endorse R2P, acknowledging that state sovereignty entails a responsibility to protect populations from mass atrocity crimes. R2P is conventionally understood to have three aspects, or "pillars", each with differing levels of responsibility:
• Pillar I emphasises a state's obligations to protect all populations within its own borders;• Pillar II outlines the international community's role in helping states to fulfil this obligation;• Pillar III identifies the international community's responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian, peaceful or coercive means to protect civilian populations where a state manifestly fails to uphold its obligations.
Since the endorsement of R2P in 2005, the application of the concept has received mixed responses from Member States. Most accept the fundamental idea behind the norm, but have operational concerns about its possible misuse, and are especially uncertain when the question of military intervention comes into play, a component of the third pillar. The aftermath of the intervention in Libya has reinforced much of the uncertainty around R2P's parameters, and contributed to the division within the UN Security Council on the continuing crisis in Syria.
Please go to UNA to continue reading.
Please go to UNA to continue reading.
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The UN's Responsibility To Protect (R2P) work in Syria and Gaza:
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How wonderful while the UN staff are partying over the New Year:
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