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Brazil & China move ahead on 3,000-km railway crossing the Amazon
By Shanna Hanbury | May 21, 2025
Plans to build a railway that would slice South America from east to west, crossing part of the Amazon Rainforest, are advancing with Chinese funding, according to a recent announcement by the Brazilian government.
Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, along with ministers and Chinese officials, including President Xi Jinping, met in Beijing on May 13 to discuss the proposed rail link connecting South America’s Atlantic and Pacific ports.
The proposed railway, known as the Bioceanic Corridor, would connect Brazil’s Ilhéus Port on the Atlantic Coast to Peru's new Pacific-facing Chancay Port. The latter opened in November 2024, following $3.4 billion in investments, largely from the Chinese shipping company COSCO, which owns 60% of Chancay port.
The Brazilian government said the project would allow exported commodities to be rerouted from Brazil's agricultural strongholds to China via the Pacific Ocean. This would cut shipping times by up to 10 days compared with the current route across the Atlantic Ocean and around the southern tip of the African continent.
"Of what we export to the Chinese, 60% is iron ore and soy, which need to be transported by rail. It is much more efficient, not only from an economic standpoint, but also from an environmental one," said Leonardo Ribeiro, the secretary of railway transport.
Projected route for the Bioceanic Corridor. Map by Andrés Alegría/Mongabay.
The proposed path would pass through the Matopiba region, an expanding frontier for soy and cattle that accounted for 75% of deforestation in the biodiverse Cerrado savanna in 2024. The railway would continue westward through the Amazonian states of Rondônia and Acre.
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