Sunday, February 11, 2024

When pirates "come in peace" it means commercial warfare

Editor's note: In the land of the blind, the one-eyed pirate is king.

________

Source: Technocratic Tyranny

Freedom of Transit and International Commercial Zones
By Vicky Davis | February 6, 2024
Freedom of transit as a principle in international law is derived from the access to the Sea for landlocked countries. Goods, means of transports, and persons, should enjoy freedom of transit in order to have access to the Sea. Access to and from the Sea and passage rights across the territories of states have been the subject of various international conferences and several international conventions which form the basis for the principle of freedom of transit; commencing with the Barcelona Statute on freedom of transit (1921), Article V of the GATT 1947, the New York Convention on Transit Trade of Landlocked Countries (1965), and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) (1982). Source UNCTAD Freedom of Transit: Obligations and Implications of Article V of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. UNCTAD/LDC/MISC. 84, 15 August 2002.

The Vatican – Maritime Access – Precedent for inland ports

"Even though Vatican City has no direct access to the sea, by virtue of the Barcelona Declaration of 1921, it is allowed to sail its own vessels flying the papal flag." Source: Vatican State website
In the previous article, it was found that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established to continue negotiations on the Havana Charter defining an International Trade Organization that was initiated at the Bretton Woods Conference in the early 1940s. The purpose of the Bretton Woods Conference was to define the economic triad for international commerce. The triad included labor, finance and trade facilitation. The output of Bretton Woods was the Generalized Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). The sections of the agreement for Finance and Labor were accepted by the U.S. Senate. The Havana Charter establishing an international trade regime was rejected due to concerns for national sovereignty.

The negotiations for the establishment of the World Trade Organization as defined in the Marrakesh Agreement were completed in 1994. U.S. International Trade Administration, Trade Guide: Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization

In 1995, the negotiations and the World Trade Organization was established by Marrakesh Agreement included in U.S. law in the Uruguay Round Agreements Act. H.R. 5110, Public Law 103-465, December 8, 1994.

The foundational text of the WTO was the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) negotiated at Bretton Woods in the early 1940's, updated and expanded at the close of the Uruguay Round of trade conferences to be the Generalized Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
Preparatory Committee of the International Conference on Trade and Employment

Committee II Draft Report of the Technical Sub-Committee E/PC/T/C.II/54 16 November 1946

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade L/4306/Add.1 14 April 1976

Treaty of Versailles

Woodrow Wilson Submits the Treaty of Versailles, July 10, 1919

Senate Rejects the Treaty of Versailles, November 19, 1919

Avalon history, text, Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations – background history of world organization
In the text of the GATT, See Article V – Freedom of Transit.
UNCTAD Trust Fund for Trade Facilitation Negotiations, Technical Note 8, Freedom of Transit and Regional Transit Arrangements.


Merchants of Peace Making War on Nation-States

In 2014, the following image was found in the history section of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). It indicates that President George Bush had a meeting at the White House with the leadership of the ICC on June 21, 1990. Interestingly, but not surprisingly, this meeting is not listed in the American Presidency Project archive of the University of Santa Barbara.

Please go to Technocratic Tyranny to continue reading.
________


Related:



The pirates are going after Cuba:

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.

Looking into our circumstances...