Heartland Theory
On Halford Mackinder and "The Geographical Pivot of History"
By UNBEKOMING | February 10, 2024
Putin is in the news because of Carlson's interview.
Which means that Ukraine is in the news.
Which means there is plenty of confusion, chaos and out of context commentary in the air.
On Halford Mackinder and "The Geographical Pivot of History"
By UNBEKOMING | February 10, 2024
Putin is in the news because of Carlson's interview.
Which means that Ukraine is in the news.
Which means there is plenty of confusion, chaos and out of context commentary in the air.
The Russia-Ukraine war is a war of Empire.
What does that mean?
I am guided here by Daniel Natal who has taught me about Halford Mackinder.
He often refers to Mackinder, as he did here in his interview with Johannes Koenraadt.
So, who was Halford Mackinder?
I am guided here by Daniel Natal who has taught me about Halford Mackinder.
He often refers to Mackinder, as he did here in his interview with Johannes Koenraadt.
Halford Mackinder, a British geographer, is famed for his 1904 lecture "The Geographical Pivot of History," which laid the foundation for the geopolitical theory of heartland. This theory posits that the control of Eastern Europe (the "Heartland") could lead to control of the world. According to Mackinder, the Heartland was essentially impervious to naval power due to its landlocked position, making it pivotal for world domination.I don't think you can understand the last 100 years, both world wars and the current Russia-Ukraine War without understand this Mackinder thesis.
Mackinder’s theory highlights the strategic importance of Germany and Russia within the global geopolitical landscape. He argued that the key to global supremacy was the control over the Heartland, which at the time was largely under the influence or control of the Russian Empire. His famous dictum, "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island commands the world," underscores the central role of controlling Eastern Europe, with Germany and Russia being significant players in this regard.
Mackinder viewed Germany's potential alliance with Russia as a significant threat to British interests. He believed that if Germany and Russia were to combine their resources — Germany's technological and industrial prowess with Russia's vast natural resources and manpower — this alliance would challenge and possibly overcome the maritime dominance of Britain and its allies. Such a German-Russian bloc could exploit the Heartland's geographic advantages to its benefit, making it a formidable force against the maritime powers.
Throughout his career, Mackinder's theories evolved, but the core idea remained that the geopolitical stability of Europe, and by extension the world, hinged significantly on the relationship between Germany and Russia. His work influenced not only geopolitical thought but also the strategic policies of Western powers, particularly in their efforts to prevent any single power from dominating the Heartland region. This perspective was evident in the Cold War era's containment policies and continues to influence geopolitical strategies today.
So, who was Halford Mackinder?
Halford John Mackinder (1861–1947) was a pioneering British geographer, academic, and politician, renowned for his foundational contributions to the field of geopolitics and geostrategy. Born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England, Mackinder pursued his education at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated with first-class honours in modern history.Now let's dive into his famous 1904 paper/lecture:
Mackinder's career was distinguished by his multifaceted contributions to geography and his involvement in the establishment of the field as an academic discipline. He was one of the founding figures of the London School of Economics and served as Director of the London School of Economics from 1903 to 1908. He also played a pivotal role in founding the Geographical Association in 1893 and served as its president.
Mackinder's geopolitical theories were most famously encapsulated in his 1904 paper, "The Geographical Pivot of History," presented to the Royal Geographical Society. In this work, he introduced the concept of the "Heartland Theory," positing that the central area of Eurasia (the Heartland) was the key to achieving global supremacy. He argued that control over this vast, resource-rich region could enable a power to dominate the "World-Island" (Eurasia and Africa), and thereby exert influence over the entire world.
Mackinder's ideas were influential in shaping early 20th-century strategic thinking and have continued to resonate in discussions of global politics and strategy. His work foresaw the strategic importance of Eurasia and the potential for conflict over its control, themes that have remained relevant through both World Wars, the Cold War, and into contemporary geopolitical discourse.
In addition to his academic achievements, Mackinder had a political career, serving as a Member of Parliament for the Glasgow Camlachie constituency from 1910 to 1922 as a member of the Unionist Party. He was knighted in 1920 for his service to the nation.
Halford Mackinder's legacy in geography and geopolitics is marked by his effort to understand the world in strategic terms, focusing on the importance of geography in international relations—a perspective that has profoundly influenced the development of geopolitical thought.
The Geographical Pivot of History
The lecture revolves around several pivotal concepts, but the four that stand out for their foundational importance to his geopolitical theory are:
1. The Heartland Theory: This is the central concept of Mackinder's geopolitical analysis, positing that the "Heartland" of Eurasia (essentially the vast central and northern parts of the continent, particularly Russia and Central Asia) holds the key to global dominance. According to Mackinder, the power that controls the Heartland could potentially command the entire Eurasian continent, and hence wield enormous global influence.One of the most important takeaways is that Germany and Russia cannot be allowed to form an economic union and alliance.
2. Land Power vs. Sea Power: Mackinder contrasts the strategic advantages of land power, rooted in the control of vast, contiguous territories, with those of sea power, which relies on naval dominance and the control of trade routes and distant colonies. This dichotomy underpins his analysis of global power dynamics, suggesting that history's course is significantly influenced by the interplay between maritime nations and those with extensive land-based resources and capabilities.
3. The Pivot Area's Strategic Significance: This concept elaborates on the geographical and strategic importance of the Heartland or Pivot Area within the global context. Mackinder argues that its location, natural defensibility, and resource wealth make the Heartland the pivotal region in the struggle for global power. Control over this region provides a disproportionate strategic advantage in the pursuit of world dominance.
4. The World-Island Concept: This idea extends beyond the Heartland to include all of Eurasia and Africa, collectively termed the "World-Island." Mackinder posited that control over this vast area, which houses the majority of the world's population and resources, would be crucial for global supremacy. The World-Island concept underscores the strategic importance of not just the Heartland but also the peripheral coastal areas that could serve as bases for sea power to project influence inland.
Understanding this, allows us to understand Britain's motivation for both world wars, but especially WW1; the taking out of Germany as a geopolitical threat while at the same time impeding any possible union between it and Russia.
On Germany and Russia
Halford Mackinder, in his geopolitical theories, notably discussed the potential implications of an alliance between Germany and Russia within the context of global power dynamics. He posited that such an alliance would be strategically significant due to the combination of Germany's technological and industrial capabilities with Russia's vast natural resources and pivotal geographic position in the Heartland. Mackinder suggested that a German-Russian alliance could potentially challenge the maritime dominance of the United Kingdom and other sea powers, altering the balance of global power.Here are 30 Q&As that take you through Mackinder's 1904 lecture.
Mackinder's theory emphasized the strategic importance of the Heartland and suggested that control over this central Eurasian area could enable a state to dominate the World-Island (Eurasia and Africa) and, by extension, the world. The notion of a German-Russian alliance was particularly concerning to Mackinder because it would unite the technological and economic strength of Germany with the geographical and resource advantages of Russia, creating a powerful bloc capable of exerting immense influence both on land and at sea.
This perspective was rooted in his broader geopolitical analysis, which highlighted the tension between land powers (centered around the Heartland) and sea powers (nations with strong naval capabilities and overseas empires). An alliance between a leading land power and a technologically advanced nation like Germany was seen as a significant shift that could threaten the existing balance of power, underscoring the importance of geopolitical strategies in maintaining global stability.
This is the history they didn't teach us at school. All they ever taught us was that Germany was bad, Britain was good, and Russia was good, then bad. That is the sum total of history taught at school, university and The History Channel.
It is a fabrication of what actually happened, and of what is currently happening.
Hope this helps.
Please go to substack to continue reading.
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The oligarchs who are in control of Britain do not want opposition to their global plans and if they feel threatened will come after the media and journalism:
The oligarchs who are in control of Britain do not want opposition to their global plans and if they feel threatened will come after the media and journalism:
The British will fully support the newly Zelensky-appointed Ukrainian military General Oleksandr Syrskyi. It probably wasn't Zelensky who made the appointment directly. The British who are crawling all over Ukraine likely made the decision:
The British through NATO have been using Poland as a battering ram against Russia:
The people of Poland are sick and tired of being used as a battering ram against Russia
The people of Poland are sick and tired of being used as a battering ram against Russia
This is the best idea the Jewish Schumer has ever come up with as ludicrous as this is. But why doesn't he suggest the Neocons like the Kagan clan (Russia has no plans to "take over Ukraine") and Victoria Nuland go serve on the front lines of Ukraine instead?
'SCHUMER Act' To Require Pro-Ukraine Lawmakers to Serve on Front Lines
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